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Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O. or DO) is a professional doctoral degree for physicians and surgeons offered by medical schools in the United States. Holders of the D.O. degree have the ability to become licensed as osteopathic physicians who have equivalent rights, privileges, and responsibilities as physicians with a Doctor of Medicine degree (M.D.).〔 D.O. physicians are licensed to practice the full scope of medicine and surgery in 65 countries,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=DOs Around the World )〕 including all 50 states in the US, and make up seven percent of the total U.S. physician population. In 2014, there were more than 92,000 osteopathic medical physicians in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.osteopathic.org/inside-aoa/about/aoa-annual-statistics/Documents/2014-osteopathic-medical-profession-report.pdf )〕 Currently, there are 30 medical schools with 42 locations throughout the United States that offer the D.O. degree,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.aacom.org/about/colleges/Pages/default.aspx )〕 and 141 medical schools that offer the M.D. degree.〔(Directory of Accredited Medical Education Programs, Liaison Committee on Medical Education )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=AAMC Medical Schools )〕 As of 2013, 22% of graduating medical students in the United States were D.O. students, and this percentage increases every year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is Osteopathic Medicine )〕 The curricula at osteopathic medical schools are very similar to those at M.D.-granting medical schools. Four years in total length,〔 the first two years of medical school focus on the biomedical and clinical sciences, followed by two years of core clinical training in the clinical specialties. Upon leaving medical school, D.O. graduates may enter internship or residency training programs, which may be followed by fellowship training.〔 Many D.O. graduates attend the same graduate medical education programs as their M.D. counterparts, and then take M.D. specialty board exams, while other D.O. graduates enter osteopathic programs,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://opportunities.osteopathic.org/search/search.cfm?searchType=1&CFID=330437&CFTOKEN=3530e0b5898fbb31-B95CDBA2-A2EC-0D67-3E32D221E7359244&jsessionid=f0302129dec368e56de2113162c122d3d357 )〕 and take D.O. specialty board examinations.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.osteopathic.org/inside-aoa/development/aoa-board-certification/Pages/aoa-specialty-boards.aspx/ )〕 One notable difference between D.O. and M.D. training is that D.O. training adds 300–500 hours studying philosophically based techniques for hands-on manipulation of the human musculoskeletal system. == History == The practice of osteopathy began in the United States in 1874. The term "osteopathy" was coined by physician and surgeon〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Medical Registration for Macon County, MO as of March 27, 1874,'' Missouri Digital Heritage, Secretary of State of Missouri )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Medical registration for Adair County, MO dated 28 July 1883 )〕 Andrew Taylor Still, MD, DO.. Still named his new school of medicine "osteopathy," reasoning that "the bone, osteon, was the starting point from which () was to ascertain the cause of pathological conditions." Still founded the American School of Osteopathy (now A.T. Still University of the Health Sciences) in Kirksville, Missouri, for the teaching of osteopathy on 10 May 1892. While the state of Missouri granted the right to award the MD degree,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Commission on Osteopathic College Accreditation )〕 he remained dissatisfied with the limitations of conventional medicine and instead chose to retain the distinction of the DO degree.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Osteopathic Virtual Museum )〕 In 1898 the American Institute of Osteopathy started the ''Journal of Osteopathy'' and by that time four states recognized the profession. The osteopathic medical profession has evolved into two branches: non-physician manual medicine osteopaths who were educated and trained outside the United States and U.S. trained full scope of medical practice osteopathic physicians. The regulation of non-physician manual medicine osteopaths varies greatly between jurisdictions. In the United States, osteopathic physicians holding the D.O. degree have attained the same rights, privileges, and responsibilities as physicians with a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree.〔 These groups are so distinct that in practice they function as separate professions. As originally conceived by Andrew Still, the letters "DO" stood for "Diplomate in Osteopathy" and the title conferred by the degree was "Doctor of Osteopathy". Subsequently the degree also came to be entitled "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine", and in more recent times the AOA has preferred that this title be used exclusively,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Terminology for Reporting on Osteopathic Medicine )〕 resolving in a 1960 conference: Nevertheless, some DOs continue to use the old terms and the American Academy of Osteopathy retains the old usage in its name. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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